Establish dietary reference intakes
Creatine appears to be a semi-essential nutrient that is naturally present in some foods and available as a dietary supplement. Insufficient data are currently available to establish recommended intakes for creatine. The amount of creatine that individuals need could be influenced by the amount of dietary precursors (glycine and arginine), age, gender, pregnancy and lactation, the capacity to produce creatine endogenously, and genetic disorders that affect creatine needs. The Creatine Global initiative aims to develop the set of nutrient reference values for creatine in healthy population.
Establish dietary reference intakes
Creatine appears to be a semi-essential nutrient that is naturally present in some foods and available as a dietary supplement. Insufficient data are currently available to establish recommended intakes for creatine. The amount of creatine that individuals need could be influenced by the amount of dietary precursors (glycine and arginine), age, gender, pregnancy and lactation, the capacity to produce creatine endogenously, and genetic disorders that affect creatine needs. The Creatine Global initiative aims to develop the set of nutrient reference values for creatine in healthy population.
Reports describing dietary intake of creatine
Several population-based studies calculated dietary intake of creatine using dietary interviews data.
Children aged 0–24 months
The mean dietary intake of creatine in this population was 0.28 ± 0.24 g/day (95% CI, from 0.25 to 0.30). The quartiles of intake were 0.00 to 0.12 g (Q1), 0.13 to 0.20 g (Q2), 0.21 to 0.34 g (Q3), and 0.35 to 1.46 g (Q4).
General population
The average dietary creatine intake across all participants was 1.38 ± 1.13 g (95% CI, 1.35 - 1.41). 57.2% participants were found to have dietary creatine intake below 1 grams per day.
Trends in creatine intake 1999-2018
The average daily intake of creatine in U.S. children and adults was 13.1 ± 16.5 mg/kg body weight. A significant negative trend for dietary creatine intake was found in infants, and children and adolescents.
Upper level of intake
As 5 grams per day was the dose administered to healthy adults with a normal diet, the observed safe level does not require correction, and therefore the observed safe level (tolerable upper intake level) is 5 g/day.
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Set recommended intakes
How much creatine a person needs to consume each day to stay healthy?
Report indicators for estimating dietary reference intakes
Based on the relationships between creatine intake and health or the prevention of disease at the population level.
Determine DRIs for creatine across groups
Establish set of reference values used to plan and assess creatine intakes of healthy people, including EAR, RDA, AI and UL.
Dietary exposure assessment for creatine
Provide data about creatine content of selected foods, accounting for creatine bioavailability and how food preparation affects creatine levels.