This cross-sectional study demonstrated that the consumption of dietary creatine may be considered safe and not associated with increased levels of above carcinogens in the general population.
This cross-sectional study demonstrated that the consumption of dietary creatine may be considered safe and not associated with increased levels of above carcinogens in the general population.
Although maternal plasma creatine concentrations were highly conserved, creatine metabolism appears to adjust throughout pregnancy. An ability to maintain creatine concentrations through diet and shifts in endogenous synthesis may impact fetal growth.
Utilizing 2013–2014 NHANES data, the current study found a negative correlation between dietary creatine intake and serum levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL; a biomarker for neuronal damage) in 1912 individuals aged 20–75 years. The observed pattern, where increased dietary creatine intake was associated with reduced circulating NfL levels, suggests potential protective effects of creatine against neuronal injury.
Consuming a creatine-rich diet has been linked to lower risks of reproductive issues in US women aged 12 and above. Those consuming ≥13 mg of creatine per kg body mass daily showed notably lower risks of irregular menstrual periods, obstetric conditions, and pelvic pathology. Further studies are needed to confirm these potential benefits.
Diet rich in creatine is associated with a reduced risk of cancer or malignancy in U.S. adults aged 20 years and over. For every additional mg of creatine per kilogram of body mass consumed daily, the cancer rate is reduced by ∼ one percent. Further studies are required to validate the benefits of creatine-rich foods or supplements in the management of cancer.
Dietary creatine intake was positively correlated with head circumference (r = 0.184; P = 0.031) when controlling for age at screening, while no link was found between creatine consumption and recumbent length or body weight in U.S children aged 0 to 2 years. A multiple regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between food creatine and head circumference (P < 0.001) when adjusting for the effects of selected dietary variables (e.g., weight of food consumed, total caloric content, protein intake).
Dietary exposure to creatine through a regular diet is not associated with more liver disease manifestations in U.S. population aged 12 years and over. The risk of having liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatic steatosis is similar between low-intake and high-intake creatine consumers. In addition, taking creatine from food sources might be associated with favorable individual liver function tests; further safety studies are needed to address the upper threshold for dietary creatine intake in the general public.
The average intake of creatine across the sample was 0.65 ± 0.72 g/day (95% CI, from 0.61 to 0.69). Creatine positively correlated with lean mass (excluding BMC) and BMC across the whole sample (r = .18 and .20, respectively; P < .001); a significant negative correlation was found between creatine intake and percent body fat (r = −.09; P = .001).
Elderly with the suboptimal intake of creatine were found to have 2.62 times higher risk of angina pectoris (adjusted OR = 2.62, 95% CI from 1.14 to 6.01, p = .023) and 2.59 times higher risk of liver conditions (adjusted OR = 2.59, 95% CI from 1.23 to 5.48, p = .013), compared with older counterparts who consume ≥1.00 g of creatine per day after controlling for demographic and nutritional variables.
Among 4,004 NHANES adult participants that reported detailed dietary intake information, 2,611 (65.2%) were calculated to have dietary creatine intake below recommended levels of 1.00 g/day. The average daily creatine intake in this subpopulation was 0.52 ± 0.26 g (95% confidence interval, from 0.51 to 0.53).